OVARIAN CANCER

Ovarian Cancer is a cancerous growth arising from the ovary.
Most (more than 90%) ovarian cancer are classified as “EPITHELIAL” and are believe to arise from the surface (epithelium) of the ovary. However some evidence suggest that the fallopian tube could be the source of some ovarian cancer since the ovaries and tubes are closely related to each other. It is thought that  this fallopian cancer cells can mimic ovarian cancer. Other types may arise from the egg cells (germ cell tumor) or supporting cells. Ovarian cancer are include in the category gynecologic cancer.

Signs and symptoms of ovarian cancer are frequently absent early on and when they exist, they  may be subtle and may include bloating, pelvic pain or abdominal pain, difficulty in eating, frquent urination and are easily confused with other illnesses. In most cases, the symptoms persist for several months before being recognized and diagnosed. If these symptoms recently started and occur more than 12 times per month, the diagnosis should be considered.
Other findings include an abdominal mass, back pain, constipation, tiredness and a range of other non-specific symptoms. As well as, more specific symptoms such as abnormal vaginal bleeding or involuntary weight loss. There can be a build up of fluid (ascites) in the abdominal cavity.

Ovarian cancer is associated with age, family history of ovarian cancer (9.8 fold higher risk), anaemia (2.3 fold higher risk), abdominal pain (7 fold higher risk),     abdominal distension (23 fold higher risk), rectal bleeding (6.6 fold higher risk), appetite loss (5.2 fold higher risk) and weight loss (2 fold higher risk).

In most cases, the exact cause of  ovarian cancer remains unkown. The risk of developing appears to be affected by several factors:

>older women that have never given birth  and those who have first and second degree relative with the disease have an increase risk.

>hereditary form of ovarian cancer  can be caused by mutations in specific genes (most notably BRCA1 and BRCA2). But also in genes for hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer.

>infertile women and those with condition called ENDOMETRIOSIS. And those who uses postmenopausal estrogen replacement therapy are at increased risk.

PREVENTION IS BETTER THAN CURE.
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